The experiments of botanists such as Eduard Strasburger (1844-1912) supposedly invalidated the theory of protoplasmic activity (the physiological activity of living plant cells). Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose (1858-1937) defended the autonomous activity of plant cells ("'Inner stimuli' are simply exte... Read More

Contrary to the prevailing scientific paradigm, sap is capable of rising to the top of a tree without the benefit of osmosis, and even in opposition to it. This doesn't mean that osmosis, capillary action, water tension, transpiration, etc., don't play a role in sap circulation (compared by some ... Read More

Michael Brooks ("Five insights challenging science's unshakable 'truths'," The Guardian, Jun. 28, 2014) wrote ... "Life, he [physicist Erwin Schrödinger] decided, had to be built on a scale that would bury all the weird quantum effects. But Schrödinger was wrong. Plants, for instance, use quant... Read More

Peter Tompkins & Christopher Bird (The Secret Life of Plants, 1973) wrote ... "Bose's experiments [...] showed him that in plants their movement, the ascent of their sap, and their growth were due to energy absorbed from their surroundings, which they could hold latent or store for future use." ... Read More

Peter Tompkins & Christopher Bird (The Secret Life of Plants, 1973) wrote ... "Bose experimented with heat and cold to ascertain the optimal conditions under which plant movement was best elicited." The figures listed below (figures 158 & 159) can be viewed in Professor Bose's book. Sir Jag... Read More